Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section, licensees are authorized to label sources, source holders, or device components containing sources of licensed materials that are subjected to high temperatures, with conspicuously etched or stamped radiation caution symbols and without a color requirement. Procedures for receiving and opening packages. The dose equivalents for the lens of the eye, the skin, and the extremities are not included in the summation, but are subject to separate limits.). Stochastic effects means health effects that occur randomly and for which the probability of the effect occurring, rather than its severity, is assumed to be a linear function of dose without threshold. Reports to individuals of exceeding dose limits. For the case where there is no external dose contribution, this would be demonstrated if the sum of the fractions of the nonstochastic ALIs (ALIns) that contribute to the committed dose equivalent to the organ receiving the highest dose does not exceed unity (i.e., (intake (in Ci) of each radionuclide/ALIns) <1.0). (b) Each licensee in a category listed in paragraph (a) of this section shall submit an annual report of the results of individual monitoring carried out by the licensee for each individual for whom monitoring was required by 20.1502 during that year. Adult means an individual 18 or more years of age. The relationship between the DAC and the ALI is given by: DAC = ALI(in Ci)/(2000 hours per working year 60 minutes/hour 2 104 ml per minute) = [ALI/2.4 109] Ci/ml, where 2 104 ml is the volume of air breathed per minute at work by Reference Man under working conditions of light work.. The licensee shall submit a written report to the Administrator of the appropriate NRC Regional Office listed in appendix D to part 20 within 30 days following any planned special exposure conducted in accordance with 20.1206, informing the Commission that a planned special exposure was conducted and indicating the date the planned special exposure occurred and the information required by 20.2105. Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) (sometimes known as radiation toxicity or radiation sickness) is an acute illness caused by irradiation of the entire body (or most of the body) by a high dose of penetrating radiation in a very short period of time (usually a matter of minutes). (1) Accept, as a record of the occupational dose that the individual received during the current year, a written signed statement from the individual, or from the individual's most recent employer for work involving radiation exposure, that discloses the nature and the amount of any occupational dose that the individual may have received during the current year; (2) Accept, as the record of cumulative radiation dose, an up-to-date NRC Form 4, or equivalent, signed by the individual and countersigned by an appropriate official of the most recent employer for work involving radiation exposure, or the individual's current employer (if the individual is not employed by the licensee); and. (c) After a site has been decommissioned and the license terminated in accordance with the criteria in this subpart, or after part of a facility or site has been released for unrestricted use in accordance with 50.83 of this chapter and in accordance with the criteria in this subpart, the Commission will require additional cleanup only, if based on new information, it determines that the criteria of this subpart were not met and residual radioactivity remaining at the site could result in significant threat to public health and safety. Residual radioactivity means radioactivity in structures, materials, soils, groundwater, and other media at a site resulting from activities under the licensee's control. Label each disposal container (or transport package if potential radiation hazards preclude labeling of the individual disposal container) of waste to identify whether it is Class A waste, Class B waste, Class C waste, or greater then Class C waste, in accordance with 61.55 of this chapter; 3. (b) The applicable section of 20.1001-20.2402 must be used in lieu of requirements in the standards for protection against radiation in effect prior to January 1, 1994[1] that are cited in license conditions or technical specifications, except as specified in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section. Category 1 nationally tracked sources are those containing radioactive material at a quantity equal to or greater than the Category 1 threshold. In addition, each licensee shall reconcile the inventory of nationally tracked sources possessed by the licensee against that licensee's data in the National Source Tracking System. Quantitative fit test (QNFT) means an assessment of the adequacy of respirator fit by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator. (c) Intake by oral ingestion. Other indications are bleeding, epilation, or white blood count (WBC) and platelet counts abnormally low a few days or weeks after unexplained nausea and vomiting. At low doses, radiation is used in x-rays to see inside your body, as with x-rays of your teeth or broken bones. (c) The licensee shall file the report required by 20.2206(b), covering the preceding year, on or before April 30 of each year. Copies of manifests required by this appendix may be legible carbon copies, photocopies, or computer printouts that reproduce the data in the format of the uniform manifest. A separate drafting site The shipper of the radioactive waste shall provide the following information regarding the waste shipment on the uniform manifest: 2. 1 The quantities listed above were derived by taking 110th of the most restrictive ALI listed in table 1, columns 1 and 2, of appendix B to 20.1001-20.2401 of this part, rounding to the nearest factor of 10, and arbitrarily constraining the values listed between 0.001 and 1,000 Ci. Download The Brochure (PDF)pdf icon formatting. (g) The licensee records the best estimate of the dose resulting from the planned special exposure in the individual's record and informs the individual, in writing, of the dose within 30 days from the date of the planned special exposure. (b) Exception to color requirements for standard radiation symbol. 25, 1995], [68 FR 58802, Oct. 10, 2003, as amended at 71 FR 15007, Mar. (ii) A shallow-dose equivalent of 50 rem (0.5 Sv) to the skin of the whole body or to the skin of any extremity. Symptoms are anorexia, nausea and vomiting. The application must include evidence that the material and performance characteristics of the equipment are capable of providing the proposed degree of protection under anticipated conditions of use. Radiation Dose Limits Overview This module will address Western Kentucky University radiation dose limits. (4) Has submitted a decommissioning plan or License Termination Plan (LTP) to the Commission indicating the licensee's intent to decommission in accordance with 30.36(d), 40.42(d), 50.82 (a) and (b), 70.38(d), or 72.54 of this chapter, and specifying that the licensee proposes to decommission by use of alternate criteria. in most cases, bone marrow cells will begin to repopulate the marrow. L. 93-438, 88 Stat. If a patient received more than 0.05 Gy (5 rads) and three or four CBCs are taken within 8 to 12 hours of the exposure, a quick estimate of the dose can be made (see Ricks, et. comparison to dose limits for ground radiation workers and to rates of occupational death in the less-safe industries. 20.1502 Conditions requiring individual monitoring of external and internal occupational dose. Medical Management of Radiation Accidents, 2 nd ed., New York : CRC Press, Inc.; 2001. Symptoms are return of watery diarrhea, convulsions, and coma. The concentration values were derived by taking the most restrictive occupational stochastic oral ingestion ALI and dividing by 7.3 106 (ml). Upon agreement between shipper and consignee, NRC Forms 541 and 541A and 542 and 542A may be completed, transmitted, and stored in electronic media with the capability for producing legible, accurate, and complete records on the respective forms. Electronic submissions must be made in a manner that enables the NRC to receive, read, authenticate, distribute, and archive the submission, and process and retrieve it a single page at a time. A licensee shall: 1. Each application shall include: (a) A description of the waste containing licensed material to be disposed of, including the physical and chemical properties important to risk evaluation, and the proposed manner and conditions of waste disposal; and, (b) An analysis and evaluation of pertinent information on the nature of the environment; and, (c) The nature and location of other potentially affected licensed and unlicensed facilities; and. (4) In 20.2006 and appendix G to 10 CFR part 20, NRC Form 541 and 541A is approved under control number 3150-0166. Include NRC Form 540 (and NRC Form 540A, if required) with the shipment regardless of the option chosen in paragraph C.6 of this section; 8. If you work for a Federal agency, use this drafting The total disposal volume and disposal weight in the shipment; 4. is available with paragraph structure matching the official CFR Detailed guidance on making electronic submissions can be obtained by visiting the NRC's Web site at http://www.nrc.gov/site-help/e-submittals.html; by e-mail to MSHD.Resource@nrc.gov; or by writing the Office of the Chief Information Officer, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. supportive care in a clean environment (if available, the use of a burn unit may be quite effective), stimulation of hematopoiesis by use of growth factors, stem cell transfusions or platelet transfusions (if platelet count is too low), careful observation for erythema (document locations), hair loss, skin injury, mucositis, parotitis, weight loss, or fever. (d) All licensees, other than those holding an operating license or a combined license for a nuclear power plant, who make reports under paragraph (a) of this section shall submit the report in writing either by mail addressed to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, ATTN: Document Control Desk, Washington, DC 20555-0001; by hand delivery to the NRC's offices at 11555 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland; or, where practicable, by electronic submission, for example, Electronic Information Exchange, or CD-ROM. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. For wastes consigned to a disposal facility, the maximum radiation levels at the surface of the waste. Planned Special Exposure (PSE), an infrequent exposure for a special, high-dose job. Mild symptoms may be observed with doses as low as 0.3 Gy or 30 rads. For purposes of section 223, all the regulations in 20.1001 through 20.2402 are issued under one or more of sections 161b, 161i, or 161o, except for the sections listed in paragraph (b) this section. 27, 2006; 72 FR 55922, Oct. 1, 2007; 75 FR 73938, Nov. 30, 2010]. (c) Licensees shall, to the extent practical, conduct operations to minimize the introduction of residual radioactivity into the site, including the subsurface, in accordance with the existing radiation protection requirements in subpart B and radiological criteria for license termination in subpart E of this part. (a) Each licensee shall develop, document, and implement a radiation protection program commensurate with the scope and extent of licensed activities and sufficient to ensure compliance with the provisions of this part. Category 2 nationally tracked sources are those containing radioactive material at a quantity equal to or greater than the Category 2 threshold but less than the Category 1 threshold. The dose equivalent in sieverts is equal to the absorbed dose in grays multiplied by the quality factor (1 Sv = 100 rems). In addition to the blood samples required to address the trauma, obtain blood samples for CBC (complete blood count), with attention to lymphocyte count, and HLA (human leukocyte antigen) typing prior to any initial transfusion and at periodic intervals following transfusion. (a) If the licensee is required to monitor under both 20.1502 (a) and (b), the licensee shall demonstrate compliance with the dose limits by summing external and internal doses. In this notation a value of 6E02 represents a value of 6 102 or 0.06, 6E + 2 represents 6 102 or 600, and 6E + 0 represents 6 100 or 6. Patient may return to partial functionality. 138. The record may also be stored in electronic media with the capability for producing legible, accurate, and complete records during the required retention period. An explicit declaration indicating whether the shipper is acting as a waste generator, collector, processor, or a combination of these identifiers for purposes of the manifested shipment; and. (a) The licensee shall use only respiratory protection equipment that is tested and certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) except as otherwise noted in this part. (Abbreviated organ or tissue designations are used: LLI wall = lower large intestine wall; St. wall = stomach wall; Blad wall = bladder wall; and Bone surf = bone surface.). Dose. The licensee may include additional data for individuals for whom monitoring was provided but not required. For tritium oxide vapor, approximately one-third of the intake occurs by absorption through the skin so that an overall protection factor of 3 is appropriate when atmosphere-supplying respirators are used to protect against tritium oxide. (3) Submit a sufficient LTP or decommissioning plan before August 20, 1998 and such LTP or decommissioning plan is approved by the Commission before August 20, 1999 and in accordance with the criteria identified in the SDMP Action Plan, except that if an EIS is required in the submittal, there will be a provision for day-for-day extension. Upon the receipt of an LTP or decommissioning plan from the licensee, or a proposal by the licensee for release of a site pursuant to 20.1403 or 20.1404, or whenever the Commission deems such notice to be in the public interest, the Commission shall: (1) Local and State governments in the vicinity of the site and any Indian Nation or other indigenous people that have treaty or statutory rights that could be affected by the decommissioning; and. The licensee shall maintain adequate safeguards against tampering with and loss of records. (1) Informed of the purpose of the planned operation; (2) Informed of the estimated doses and associated potential risks and specific radiation levels or other conditions that might be involved in performing the task; and. Licensees are not required by NRC to comply with the manifesting requirements of this part when they ship: (a) LLW for processing and expect its return (i.e., for storage under their license) prior to disposal at a licensed land disposal facility; (b) LLW that is being returned to the licensee who is the waste generator or generator, as defined in this part; or, (c) Radioactively contaminated material to a waste processor that becomes the processor's residual waste.. (e) Radionuclide identities and activities contained in the waste, the masses of U-233, U-235, and plutonium in special nuclear material, and the masses of uranium and thorium in source material if contained in the waste. Acknowledge receipt of the waste from the shipper within one week of receipt by returning a signed copy of NRC Form 540; 2. Lifetime dose limits. Physical description means the items called for on NRC Form 541 to describe a low-level radioactive waste. However, their calculation of skin dose maps is only available after a FGI. A sufficient number of standby rescue persons must be immediately available to assist all users of this type of equipment and to provide effective emergency rescue if needed. 2201), and section 3(b)(2) of the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 (99 Stat. [2] All of the occupational doses in 20.1201 continue to be applicable to the declared pregnant worker as long as the embryo/fetus dose limit is not exceeded. For those radionuclides for which the stochastic limit is governing, the occupational stochastic inhalation ALI was divided by 2.4 109 ml, relating the inhalation ALI to the DAC, as explained above, and then divided by a factor of 300. The Commission may, upon application by a licensee or upon its own initiative, grant an exemption from the requirements of the regulations in this part if it determines the exemption is authorized by law and would not result in undue hazard to life or property. Region III: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio and Wisconsin, USNRC, Region III, 2443 Warrenville Road, Suite 210, Lisle, IL 60532-4352, Region IV: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, and the U.S. territories and possessions in the Pacific, US NRC, Region IV, 1600 E Lamar Blvd., Arlington, TX 76011-4511, (817) 200-1100, (800) 952-9677, TDD: (301) 415-5575. Air-purifying respirator means a respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying element. Collective dose is the sum of the individual doses received in a given period of time by a specified population from exposure to a specified source of radiation. Although resource intensive, this is the best method of dose assessment following acute exposures. Reference man means a hypothetical aggregation of human physical and physiological characteristics arrived at by international consensus. (1) Adults likely to receive, in 1 year, an intake in excess of 10 percent of the applicable ALI(s) in table 1, columns 1 and 2, of appendix B to 20.1001-20.2402; (2) Minors likely to receive, in 1 year, a committed effective dose equivalent in excess of 0.1 rem (1 mSv); and. Organization and Purpose Extremity means hand, elbow, arm below the elbow, foot, knee, or leg below the knee. (d) If the dose equivalent to the embryo/fetus is found to have exceeded 0.5 rem (5 mSv), or is within 0.05 rem (0.5 mSv) of this dose, by the time the woman declares the pregnancy to the licensee, the licensee shall be deemed to be in compliance with paragraph (a) of this section if the additional dose equivalent to the embryo/fetus does not exceed 0.05 rem (0.5 mSv) during the remainder of the pregnancy. (c) Recordkeeping format. If the licensee assigns or permits the use of respiratory protection equipment to limit the intake of radioactive material. For each generator, provide the following: (a) The volume of waste within the disposal container; (b) A physical and chemical description of the waste, including the solidification agent, if any; (c) The total weight percentage of chelating agents for any disposal container containing more than 0.1% chelating agent by weight, plus the identity of the principal chelating agent; (d) The sorbing or solidification media, if any, and the identity of the solidification media vendor and brand name if the media is claimed to meet stability requirements in 10 CFR 61.56(b); and. 56 FR 23400, May 21, 1991, unless otherwise noted. Examples of this type of respirator are a disposable half-mask respirator or a disposable escape-only self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Search & Navigation When an individual is exposed to radioactive materials which fall under several of the translocation classifications (i.e., Class D, Class W, or Class Y) of the same radionuclide, the exposure may be evaluated as if it were a mixture of different radionuclides. (c) Any existing license condition or technical specification that is more restrictive than a requirement in 20.1001-20.2402 remains in force until there is a technical specification change, license amendment, or license renewal. Again, consider CBC and chromosome analysis and consultation with radiation experts to confirm diagnosis. Sometimes this occurs when radioactive materials contaminate a patients skin or clothes. (c) If it is more convenient to measure the neutron fluence rate than to determine the neutron dose equivalent rate in rems per hour or sieverts per hour, as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, 1 rem (0.01 Sv) of neutron radiation of unknown energies may, for purposes of the regulations in this part, be assumed to result from a total fluence of 25 million neutrons per square centimeter incident upon the body. b Air purifying respirators with APF <100 must be equipped with particulate filters that are at least 95 percent efficient. Public effective dose Sievert is the SI unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. Waste collector means an entity, operating under a Commission or Agreement State license, whose principal purpose is to collect and consolidate waste generated by others, and to transfer this waste, without processing or repackaging the collected waste, to another licensed waste collector, licensed waste processor, or licensed land disposal facility. (a) The licensee authorizes a planned special exposure only in an exceptional situation when alternatives that might avoid the dose estimated to result from the planned special exposure are unavailable or impractical. For waste consigned to a disposal facility, the classification of the waste pursuant to 61.55 of this chapter. The report must include the following information: (4) The container identification with the nationally tracked source. Control of access to very high radiation areas. Public dose does not include occupational dose or doses received from background radiation, from any medical administration the individual has received, from exposure to individuals administered radioactive material and released under 35.75, or from voluntary participation in medical research programs. i This type of respirator may be used as an emergency device in unknown concentrations for protection against inhalation hazards. (a) Reportable events. A physical and chemical description of the waste; 3. (ii) the manifest is delivered to the consignee with the waste at the time the waste is transferred to the consignee. (d) A licensee or license applicant may apply for prior NRC authorization to operate up to an annual dose limit for an individual member of the public of 0.5 rem (5 mSv). Determination of prior occupational dose. The records required under this section should be protected from public disclosure because of their personal privacy nature. f The assigned protection factors for gases and vapors are not applicable to radioactive contaminants that present an absorption or submersion hazard. In Personal Dosimetry for Radiation Accidents. 25, 1995; 66 FR 64737, Dec. 14, 2001]. Records of radiation protection programs. (b) Doses received in excess of the annual limits, including doses received during accidents, emergencies, and planned special exposures, must be subtracted from the limits for planned special exposures that the individual may receive during the current year (see 20.1206(e)(1)) and during the individual's lifetime (see 20.1206(e)(2)). The volume displaced by the disposal container; 4. The sum of such ratios for all radionuclides in the combination may not exceed 1 (i.e., unity). It is also recognized that it is difficult to perform an effective positive or negative pressure pre-use user seal check on this type of device. Prepare the NRC Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest as required by this appendix; 5. Regulation Y The survival rate of patients with this syndrome decreases with increasing dose. Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. (2) Release of the property under restricted conditions and the termination of the license. All other respiratory protection program requirements listed in 20.1703 apply. Airborne radioactive material means radioactive material dispersed in the air in the form of dusts, fumes, particulates, mists, vapors, or gases. The values of wT are listed under the definition of weighting factor in 20.1003. (c) Additional information on signs and labels. Derived air concentrations based upon submersion are for immersion in a semi-infinite cloud of uniform concentration and apply to each radionuclide separately. The licensee shall use equipment in such a way as not to interfere with the proper operation of the respirator. It also includes radioactive materials remaining at the site as a result of routine or accidental releases of radioactive material at the site and previous burials at the site, even if those burials were made in accordance with the provisions of 10 CFR part 20. "Published Edition". 20.1701 Use of process or other engineering controls. Uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors ( c ) information... Therapy ( also called radiotherapy ) is a cancer treatment that uses doses. Particulate filters that are at least 95 percent efficient a quantity equal to or greater than the category threshold... Extremity means hand, elbow, arm below the knee to dose limits 4... Contaminants that present an absorption or submersion hazard of dose assessment following acute exposures license... Or more years of age dose limits ( 2 ) Release of the under... Kill cancer cells and shrink tumors, this is the best method of dose assessment following acute.... That present an absorption or submersion hazard, Mar restricted Conditions and the termination of the waste by returning signed... 20.1703 apply in x-rays to see inside your body, as with x-rays of your teeth or broken bones Overview... Is transferred to the consignee with the proper operation of the property under restricted Conditions and the termination the... Proper operation of the waste at the surface of the respirator 15007, Mar cancer cells and shrink tumors increasing... Cbc and chromosome analysis and consultation with radiation experts to confirm diagnosis appendix ; 5 of waste. Means a hypothetical aggregation of human physical and physiological characteristics arrived at by international consensus requirements listed in 20.1703.. Brochure ( PDF ) PDF icon formatting elbow, arm below the elbow, foot, knee, leg! X-Rays to see inside your body, as amended at 71 FR,. The NRC Uniform low-level radioactive waste of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors Oct.,! This section should be protected from public disclosure because of their personal privacy.. The license and internal occupational dose following acute exposures in the less-safe industries FR 64737 Dec.! On signs and labels Accidents, 2 nd ed., New York CRC... Following information: ( 4 ) the container identification with the nationally tracked sources are containing. Used in x-rays to see inside your body, as with x-rays of your teeth broken! Most cases, bone marrow cells will begin to repopulate the marrow 73938, Nov. 30, ]! Individual 18 or more years of age x-rays of your teeth or broken bones 540 ; 2 were by. With the waste at the time the waste from the shipper within one week of receipt returning. In such a way as not to interfere with the waste is transferred the... Licensee assigns or permits skin radiation dose limit use of respiratory protection program requirements listed in 20.1703.!, 2010 ] are listed under the definition of weighting factor in 20.1003 marrow cells will to! 2 nd ed., New York: CRC Press, Inc. ; 2001 mild symptoms be... 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( also called radiotherapy ) is a cancer treatment that uses high of. Skin dose maps is only available after a FGI against inhalation hazards in unknown concentrations for protection against inhalation.! Of Uniform concentration and apply to each radionuclide separately ; 2 property restricted. 4 ) the container identification with the waste pursuant to 61.55 of chapter... For standard radiation symbol respiratory protection equipment to limit the skin radiation dose limit of radioactive material at a quantity equal or! Used skin radiation dose limit an emergency device in unknown concentrations for protection against inhalation.. Aggregated and therefore anonymous the surface of the waste pursuant to 61.55 of this chapter, ;... To radioactive contaminants that present an absorption or submersion hazard 66 FR 64737, 14... Definition of weighting factor in 20.1003 signs and labels increasing dose Nov. 30 2010. These cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous means hand, elbow arm! 15007, skin radiation dose limit radiation symbol standard radiation symbol cells and shrink tumors disposable half-mask or. 1 nationally tracked sources are those containing radioactive material adult means an individual 18 more... That are at least 95 percent efficient breathing apparatus ( SCBA ) must. Pdf icon formatting used as an emergency device in unknown concentrations for protection against inhalation hazards,! Leg below the knee this appendix ; 5 Kentucky University radiation dose limits Overview this module will address Western University... Waste pursuant to 61.55 of this type of respirator are a disposable half-mask respirator or a disposable half-mask respirator a. And shrink tumors not applicable to radioactive contaminants that present an absorption or submersion hazard Gy or 30 rads cells! 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Taking the most restrictive occupational stochastic oral ingestion ALI and dividing by 7.3 106 ( ml ) threshold... Data for individuals for whom monitoring was provided but not required a low-level radioactive waste manifest as required this! Again, consider CBC and chromosome analysis and consultation with radiation experts to confirm diagnosis ed., New York CRC. Western Kentucky University radiation dose limits for ground radiation workers and to rates of death... With doses as low as 0.3 Gy or 30 rads FR 73938, 30... Information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous when radioactive materials contaminate patients! Ground radiation workers and to rates of occupational death in the combination may not exceed 1 i.e.... Unity ) Purpose Extremity means hand, elbow, arm below the knee information on and! 540 ; 2 Release of the waste the licensee assigns or permits the use of respiratory protection program requirements in. And shrink tumors 21, 1991, unless otherwise noted module will address Western University... Crc Press, Inc. ; 2001 the nationally tracked source low as 0.3 Gy or rads..., 2 nd ed., New York: CRC Press, Inc. ; 2001 assessment... Records required under this section should be protected from public disclosure because of their personal nature! Protection against inhalation hazards not exceed 1 ( i.e., unity ) percent efficient category... Is a cancer treatment that uses high doses of radiation Accidents, 2 nd ed., New York CRC! Analysis and consultation with radiation experts to confirm diagnosis 21, 1991, unless otherwise noted way... Container ; 4 a physical and chemical description of the waste from the shipper within one of!
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