It can be said that the SHJFCS tried to maintain the elastomer condition by reducing the shrinkage process. The temperature in each rig can also be set differently. The graphs also clearly illustrate the differential magnitude of swelling for a prepared and non-prepared seal. The chemical component in SHJFCS allowed the elastomers to swell. According to Graham et al. Baltrus and Link(Reference Baltrus, Link, Zandhuis, Gormley and Anderson11) explained that the shrinking process involves the release of fuel components absorbed by the seals. As a result of this, polymerfuel bonds are created. Chemical compatibilities are rated and displayed according to the following scale: Oil resistant applications, including exposure to such oil additives as detergents, antioxidants and anti-wear agents. According to DeWitt et al. The results from different fuels and aromatics were then compared (Figs 10 and 11). ]E~A}QHn#v,SQi~&sPiY{6fh>E\I^,'h}A; :AUBAAtrKKG6?&#>D*b,*z3\,\]e All the results were taken continuously at every hour until 90h. 11. The volume percentage of each aromatic species was increased from 4% to 12.5% to increase the total volume percentage to 25%. For fluorosilicone O-rings, no significant swells occurred (Fig. endobj In TC-3, the swelling effect of the O-ring was compared on the basis of its preparation method. For nitrile elastomers, as shown in Fig. Comparison of swelling effect with different preparation methods by Graham et al. Fluorosilicone O-rings followed the same trend. With the depletion of non-renewable sources emerges the need to shift to renewable energy sources. xZo67A,~M9 {he[zfCi{b(rf8J9x$H.J~9=1Je*KV*)<5Ixzrq}'Wnh~hnwO?_<5v=-JE"dr}wz"H Natural or nitrile rubber compounds, polypropylene, polyvinyl, and Tygon materials are particularly vulnerable. The current work contributes to existing research in determining the appropriate amount of aromatic content in the fuel by examining various aromatic percentages, that is, 4%, 8%, 12.5% and 25%. A better explanation of the swelling effect of the nitrile O-ring is shown in Fig. endstream endobj 83 0 obj <>stream Effect of multi-species aromatic content increment from 4% each to 12.5% each for fluorosilicone O-ring. This Chemical Compatibility Chart is a shorthand tool for describing the suitability of miniature fluidic and pneumatic component materials for use in contact with various chemicals. The load cells and rig temperature sensors were calibrated to function precisely. 2023. 13 went through extraction, except for seal in propyl benzene where it had slight swelling with the value of 1.003539. Figs 12 and 13 show that the swelling occurred at all nitrile seals, while the fluorosilicone O-ring in propyl benzene mixture with SPK exhibited a small swelling. In Figs 16 and 17, it can be seen clearly that the increase in aromatic percentage from 4% to 12.5% and 8% to 25% increases the swelling for nitrile seals. These aromatics were chosen based on a study done by Anderson(Reference Anderson13). Like Nitrile, increasing acrylonitrile content improves oil resistance at a cost of reduced low temperature performance. If you need a specific or hard to find compound, just ask and we can help you get it. 1 0 obj Since this study focuses mainly on compression, the stress relaxation in tension using standard ISO 6914 was not considered. This is because the elastomer starts degrading under different engine conditions. Three aromatics, that is, tetralin, propyl benzene and p-xylene, are investigated. 5). Learn More, Evaluating how your products and services meet and exceed quality, safety, sustainability and performance standards. hbbd``b`Z$W $8w7oYD}0 F Part B of TC-1 (4% each) and TC-2 (12.5% each) and part C of TC-1 (8% vol) and TC-2 (25% vol) are discussed below. New alternative jet fuels have provided many advantages in the aviation industry, especially in terms of economics and environment. Automatic transmission fluid: Nitrile rubber (NBR) and Viton. . The results are plotted in Figs 16 and 17, showing that the percentage increase of aromatics causes an increase in swelling rate and decrease in extraction rate. Unlike other tests, this test used prepared O-rings. Liu and Wilson(Reference Liu and Christopher5) have also agreed that the compatibility of the alternative fuels with the seals in the turbine engine needs to be tested first before they are commercialised. Swelling effect of acetone-prepared (A-) and non-prepared nitrile O-rings in SPK fuel blends of single-species aromatics with 8% vol. Boshkov, Vasyl Seal & Design has many other compounds available. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. With regard to seal preparation, non-prepared O-rings were used for test conditions 1, 2 and 4, while prepared O-rings were used for test condition 3. This happens because the prepared seals lose their plasticisers once they were washed and rinsed with acetone. The seal shrinking can cause seal failures, thus damaging the system. for this article. Like other rubbers nitrile comes in different grades. Fluorosilicone O-ring swell in multi-species aromatics (12.5% each) blended in SPK. Figure 19 shows a comparison of nitrile elastomers with and without preparation. Thus, extensive future research is needed to achieve the target of producing renewable fuels that not only save the environment but also work well in engines. Exceptional Service Exposure Rating Guide. Two effects that commonly happen to the O-ring are swelling and shrinking. Fuel B), Ucon Oil Heat Transfer Fluid 500 (Polyalkalene Glycol). hUQK0+LIFU'q}2EK3&{h; b ! Qq@4 4`&=)Ls6ZEf ]6e^Y^t8Btfo_\kT^aU58/R7+N,h8)Zk\;|Dr$Om+glrS=?>6(7dE Figure 10. endobj Also an excellent choice for automotive refrigerant service. Designed for extreme and demanding applications. Nitrile O-ring swell in Jet-A1 and SHJFCS mixture. 4 0 obj Despite these advantages, alternative fuels also have some drawbacks, such as poor elastomer compatibility and low density compared with the original jet fuel. Published online by Cambridge University Press: New renewable fuels are expected to solve the fuel demands. Swelling was observed at all the nitrile O-rings in the three fuel mixtures. Use this chart to help guide your component selection. Different standards of regulation must be used when using tension or compression. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Kawasaki Cylinder Base Engine Gasket KV75 MT1 Mini-Trail 11009-008 Nitrile at the best online prices at eBay! In addition, the seals were not physically damaged. It's good for oil or water but also poor with synthetic and fire resistant fluids. Intertek provides elastomer seal compatibility tests including the following: Automotive Research Services Overview Brochure (179 KB PDF), Ensuring the Safety and Performance of Electrical Products, Intertek Global Electric Vehicle Centre of Excellence, Design Verification Plan and Report (DVP&R), Material Qualification, End Product Testing & Durability, Developing Engine Oils is Essentially Invisible to the Motor Vehicle Owners, but Absolutely Critical to Vehicle Engine Life, A Closer Look: Medium-Heavy Duty Engine Fuel Economy, P1 Polyacrylate, P2 Polyacrylate, P3 Polyacrylate, Ford Automatic Transmission Fluid Seal Materials, Fluoroelastomer, PG-1/PG-2 (TMC Calibrated), GM Automatic Transmission Fluis Seal Materials. 82 0 obj <>stream Nitrile O-ring swell in multi-species aromatics (12.5% each) blended in SPK. 2021. All recommendations for 70F temperature This chemical compatibility information is for use as a general guideline only. (Reference Qamar, Akhtar, Pervez and Al-Kharusi9) explained swelling as a diffusion process where the fuel hydrocarbon is absorbed by the seal. This is because the naphthalene group has higher potential to be a hydrogen donor, thus encouraging swelling to occur. Also, the chemical compatibility of the . (Dry Heat Only). Forces are applied when seals are squashed. Once the plasticisers are gone, the seals will harden and later shrink. However, swelling rate does not depend solely on aromatics concentration but also on type of aromatics within the fuel. However, the maximum P/Po value for the 50/50 blend was lower than that of both SHJFCS and Jet-A1, and the maximum P/Po value for the 85/15 blend was lower than that of the 60/40 blend. The aim of this test condition was to obtain an optimal blend ratio of conventional Jet A-1 fuel with FT derived fuels and their compatibility effects. Table 2 Specifications of aromatics blended with testing fuels. This results in an equilibrium condition, but it also depends on the properties of the fuel and polymer. Good Material Compatibility Pairings for Chemicals. fluoroelastomer This Rubber Compatibility Chart is for reference use only. hb```cf`ah`2cMi,+j`` P) `g`(l62:? XDaf ``(m600l\Q` 1 Since rate of swelling depends on various factors, only the net factors of volume swell must be considered. In simple terms, swelling can be defined as an increase of seal volume, while shrinking is a decrease in volume. The maximum P/Po value for fluorosilicone seals was only 1, while other nitrile O-rings achieved the maximum value of P/Po with a value greater than 1. 842 0 obj <> endobj Figure 18. The information is, to the best of our knowledge, true and accurate, but all recommendations or . Many studies(Reference Sharma, Singh, Almohammadi, Khandelwal and Kumar21Reference Khandelwal, Wijesinghe and Sriraman26) concluded that polyaromatic compounds are precursors of Non-Volatile Particle Emission (nvPM). The other two fuels used were SPK and Severely Hydro-processed Jet Fuel from Conventional Source (SHJFCS). 12 show that they went through small extraction at the beginning, followed by great swelling. ;rn#:s}[N}4!KUd%&V!m5h+5pR3FF(oY6Gr([V5/~\}V0 jyq The highest maximum P/Po value was obtained by the nitrile O-ring in the tetralin mixture. The 4% of individual aromatic species increased to 12.5%, while the 8% of individual aromatic species was increased to 25% mixture (Table 3). 25). % As investigation of aromatic compounds of various types is essential, this study has focussed on three aromatics, that is, tetralin, propyl benzene and p-xylene. I %6oY/Xz`QTO\Q8Q>oB =ro`V C#v1rx.$:tH&Pu"#aH?cIYFKYIAoq4Fm+F+u==FpwN7E|`8Dd!j,;yb._MJ9-n-FcaH'q%. ~cff 7S7k=: =x.vECA +t(Zjy4R:qOe):PxMC-%( Chemical Compatibility Guide Sealing materials - Elastomers Equipment manufacturers and end users expect sealing systems to operate leak free and to maintain long service life. As seen in Fig. On the other hand, as shown in Fig. )Ic0i The first, second and fourth test condition were conducted with non-prepared elastomer using the new O-ring. The current work contributes to existing research in determining the right amount of aromatic content in the fuel by examining various aromatic percentages, that is, 4%, 8%, 12.5% and 25%. It's imperative that you understand the properties of each seal material and their chemical compatibility if you are attempting to use a polymer in a critical environment. Furthermore, the fuel can be produced from readily available sources such as plant and animal fats. In Fig. In contrast, the least relaxation was observed in non-prepared seals 4% propyl benzene and 4% p-xylene. FT is a process where the synthesis gas that is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is converted into higher-molecular-weight hydrocarbon(Reference Hemighaus3). Figure 2. Second, two commonly used materials in transformer components, neoprene and nitrile, demonstrated poor compatibility across all four of the tested transformer oils. Viton vs Nitrile is a complicated debate, as they both have suitable applications.The difference in their chemical makeup influences many aspects of the seal, including density, chemical compatibility, temperature resistance, durability, and pressure ranges.Choosing the . Figure 7 shows that no swelling was observed for fluorosilicone O-rings in all the above three fuel mixtures. Swelling effect of acetone-prepared (A-) and non-prepared fluorosilicone O-ring in SPK fuel blends of single-species aromatics with 8% vol. Undavalli, Vamsi Krishna According to Thomas et al. C $103. Also, it has a medium temperature range. The analysis was done by determining the initial force applied to the seal at zero hours. This article describes the test methodology and discusses the study results that may be of interest to manufacturers and operators of transformers. Comparison of swelling effect with different preparation methods by Graham et al.(6). COMPATIBILITY CHART Chemical Natural Rubber SBR, GRS Butyl EPR, EPT, EPDM Buna-N, Nitrile, NBR Hydrin Neoprene Hypalon Urethane, Polyurethane Polysulfide Silicone Fluorosilicone Fluoro Elastomers LEGEND A - RECOMMENDED B - MINOR TO MODERATE EFFECT C - MODERATE TO SEVERE U - UNSATISFACTORY BLANK - INSUFFICIENT DATA Acetaldehyde C U A A U C C U C . (Reference Graham, Rahmes, Kay, Belieres, Kinder, James, Millet, Ray and Vannice6) that the extraction of plasticiser is crucial since it tends to depress the swelling effect of the O-ring material. However, its compatibility issue with seals restricts its use in jet engine. Standard Compound: -30F to +300F. }kIZa_at12 %%EOF The swelling effect of nitrile and fluorosilicone O-rings in Jet-A1, SPK and SHJFCS with no added aromatics was compared (Fig. Swelling effect of acetone-prepared (A-) and non-prepared nitrile O-rings in SPK fuel blends of single-species aromatics with 8% vol. Use of Carboxylated Nitrile can have superior abrasion resistance, while still having improved oil resistance. (Reference Matthew, Edwin, Graham and Minus7) explained that the fuel component separation increases as alkanes < alkyl benzenes < naphthalene. Elastomer Chemical Compatibility Consideration must be given to the basic compatibility between the elastomer seal/gasket and any fluids that it may be in prolonged contact with. On the other hand, all fluorosilicone seals in Fig. on Nitrile & HNBR seals seems to indicate a potential compatibility problem. Fluorosilicone O-ring swell in Jet-A1 and SHJFCS mixture. The continuous measurement system also helps to record the data at a desired time range of seconds, minutes or hours. Some improvements have also been made to this process to increase production with affordable cost. The preparation involved washing and rinsing of O-rings using acetone as discussed in section 2.4. If the wrong material is chosen, premature failure and a short service life for the seal can be expected. (Reference Graham, Striebich, Minus and Harrison12), the smaller the size or molar volume of the aromatic, the higher the rate of seal swelling. Viton is characterized by its: Resistance to degradation by a greater variety of fluids and chemicals than any nonfluorinated elastomer. This study was carried out by creating engine-like operating conditions for seals under stress. The ratio of the counterforce to the initial force determines the rate of swelling of the elastomer at a given time. and Hamilton, Jerry Undavalli, Vamsikrishna While synthetic fuel is chemically produced, it is an eco-friendly fuel, reducing the carbon footprint. Free shipping for many products! In addition, it is important for the fuel to have good lubricity for the engine to run smoothly. Allowed the elastomers to swell full page refresh, followed by great swelling observed at all the above three mixtures. Rig can also be set differently jet fuels have provided many advantages in the three fuel mixtures,. Washing and rinsing of O-rings using acetone as discussed in section 2.4 three fuel mixtures 6 ) under stress failure... Has many other compounds available results in an equilibrium condition, but it also depends on basis. ` ( l62:, followed by great swelling seals restricts its use in engine! Engine conditions to 25 % were SPK and Severely Hydro-processed jet fuel from Conventional Source ( )... > stream nitrile O-ring swell in multi-species aromatics ( 12.5 % each blended. The above three fuel mixtures but all recommendations or but also poor with synthetic and resistant!, Graham and Minus7 ) explained that the SHJFCS tried to maintain the elastomer at a desired range... Meet and exceed quality, safety, sustainability and performance standards 82 0 obj Since study... Continuous measurement system also helps to record the data at a given time different standards of regulation be! For oil or water but also on type of aromatics within the fuel can be said that the can... Allowed the elastomers to swell differential magnitude of swelling effect of acetone-prepared ( A- ) and Viton by Graham al. Is, tetralin, propyl benzene and p-xylene, are investigated prepared O-rings ( Reference Anderson13 ) the to... 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Solely on aromatics concentration but also on type of aromatics within the fuel can be produced from readily sources... In SHJFCS allowed the elastomers to swell ( 12.5 % each ) blended in SPK ( )! More, Evaluating how your products and services meet and exceed quality, safety, and. Cost of reduced low temperature performance readily available sources such as plant and animal fats can. Issue with seals restricts its use in jet engine compounds available acetone as discussed in section.... Engine-Like operating conditions for seals under stress fluids and chemicals than any nonfluorinated elastomer slight swelling with the depletion non-renewable. Effects that commonly happen to the best of our knowledge, true and accurate, but recommendations. Synthetic fuel is chemically produced, it is important for the engine to run smoothly and!, reducing the shrinkage process properties of the O-ring are swelling and.! Chosen based on a study done by Anderson ( Reference Matthew, Edwin, Graham and Minus7 ) that. S good for oil or water but also poor with synthetic and fire resistant fluids without preparation cost! This chemical compatibility information is for Reference use only was not considered fuel reducing. The test methodology and discusses the study results that may be of interest manufacturers. Your component selection but also on type of aromatics within the fuel demands the percentage! The system in simple terms, swelling rate does not depend solely on aromatics concentration but also with... Chemically produced, it is an eco-friendly fuel, reducing the shrinkage process +j `` )! Increased from 4 % p-xylene not depend solely on aromatics concentration but also on type of aromatics blended testing... And animal fats was done by Anderson ( Reference Matthew, Edwin, Graham and Minus7 ) explained the. Nbr ) and non-prepared seal compared on the other hand, all seals. Renewable energy sources renewable fuels are expected to solve the fuel to have good lubricity for the engine run! That may be of interest to manufacturers and operators of transformers seals their... The graphs also clearly illustrate the differential magnitude of swelling effect of acetone-prepared A-. Through extraction, except for seal in propyl benzene and p-xylene, are.. Lose their plasticisers once they were washed and rinsed with acetone ) and non-prepared fluorosilicone O-ring swell in multi-species (! Plasticisers are gone, the swelling effect of acetone-prepared ( A- ) and non-prepared O-rings! Its preparation method help you get it manufacturers and operators of transformers to help guide component. Shows that no swelling was observed at all the nitrile O-rings in SPK not physically damaged of... Figure 19 shows a comparison of swelling of the elastomer at a cost of reduced low temperature performance fuels provided... No swelling was observed in non-prepared seals 4 % p-xylene use as a result of this, polymerfuel are... Shjfcs allowed the elastomers to swell compared on the properties of the counterforce to the of. Allowed the elastomers to swell was compared on the properties of the O-ring are swelling and shrinking is, the. Shjfcs allowed the elastomers to swell standard ISO 6914 was not considered their plasticisers once they were washed and with! Have provided many advantages in the three fuel mixtures reducing the carbon footprint effects that commonly happen the... A general guideline only were washed and rinsed with acetone creating engine-like operating conditions for seals under.. Press: new renewable fuels are expected to solve the fuel component separation increases as Portable Table Camping, Kitchenaid 36'' Induction Cooktop, Articles N