For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions The challenge of change for multinational organizations: A case study. . What women entrepreneurs can do to compete in the market and earn lucrative incomes? Q. 0000003745 00000 n 0000007489 00000 n The effect can be somewhat mitigated when a critical mass of women reach senior leadership roles (as per point 1), but it generally still persists. In a normal world, we would not really be asking about the "business case" for women in leadership. Think of it like this: Little girls were allowed to play with dolls and practice expressing their emotions, but men werent. 0000006735 00000 n Women have historically been underrepresented in leadership positions across private and public organizations around the globe. (in press). This challenge is what many female leaders face before a breakthrough. While young women were socially allowed to hone empathy and self-awareness, young men were taught to be tough and aggressive, and to show no mercy. Journal of Organizational Behavior is currently published 8 times a year. Routledge. . Is there a female leadership advantage? It was written by Sally Helgesen, based on diary studies of 4 exemplary . Columbian College of Arts & Sciences, 202-994-0354202-994-1881[emailprotected], GW is committed to digital accessibility. 0000006355 00000 n 0000003872 00000 n Rather, they focused not just on improving the company, but also on enhancing their staff members self-worth. Psychology of Women Quarterly,38,340-349. and more effective as leaders than women (e.g., Carroll, 2006; Eagly, Makhijani, & Klonsky, 1992), some popular press publica-tions have reported the opposite: that there may be a female gender advantage in modern organizations that require a "feminine" type of leadership (e.g., Conlin, 2003; R. Williams, 2012). International Journal of Management and Business,5 (2). Methods Declarative cross-sectional survey, using questionnaires sent by email to the specialty residents of the Faculty of Medicine of Lille (France). Not applicable (no intervention). You may opt-out by. We created survey questions to assess multiple categories: determination; resiliency; career support and obstacles; career aspiration; and gender discrimination. Given these numbers, the country is an ominous space for women in news media. And this is achieved by many female leaders by following these key principles: Besides the usual skills that make a good leader, emotional intelligence has played a crucial part in women successfully infiltrating what used to be an all-male territory. 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Rosh, L., &Offermann, L. R.(2013). Wiley has published the works of more than 450 Nobel laureates in all categories: Literature, Economics, Physiology or Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, and Peace. According to the findings of a recent poll, women and people of color are spearheading the surge in the formation of new businesses in the United States. Journalists and authors of trade books increasingly assert a female advantage in leadership, whereby women are more likely than men to lead in a style that is effective under contemporary conditions. 0000003531 00000 n This study found female leaders more productive than male counterparts at the Durban University and are able to run their department smoothly and efficiently. (2020). The argument that there is a female leadership advantage posits that because women, compared with men, tend to be more relational, more likely to emphasize teamwork and collaboration over self-interest, and more participative in their leadership (Eagly & . V. (2015). 0000016248 00000 n The Leadership Quarterly, 31 (4). 0000005560 00000 n D9VQ]][$?\/~I,Is`eEBHVYjO$+G%X}qEZeiMr"-n6.WiPWqW/Xc?lxUoXmV9dM_/]iOV:s]5|fuSes~ZH3y`r2z6TRj2`iVG/6!s p\. Fn~X:zVmhK' EyZ"$:i^F$|BZnzrB>wq?J"`K86wKWVqcGJ0iF4Q&3ivf]!:SWx P1($/ ag7dLoS2. L. R., Lanzo*, L. A., Foley*, K., & Harvey*, T. (In press). (3) One of the benefits of having more female board directors is that they add a new range of skills, and diversity the background, of the boards (as shown, for instance, by a large-scale analysis of 1,500 top S&P firms between 1997-2013). Despite making up 50 percent of the labor force, women in managerial roles has hovered at around 37 to 40 percent for years, with an even smaller ratio - one woman to every 19 men - at the highest position with an organization. Defined as the ability to perceive, understand, and manage emotions (both ones own and others), emotional intelligence has been considered a female leaders best asset. Gender inequality and gender discrimination remain very real challenges for women workers in general, and especially so for women striving for leadership positions. More specifically, this study examines how team leader gender relates to team cohesion, cooperative learning, and participative communication. One of the significant differences between family and nonfamily businesses is the family's influence on the firm. 0000027060 00000 n The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum. Likewise, a large study of 18,547 firms in 15 developing countries reported a positive link between female representation in firm ownership and management on the one hand, and innovation output on the other. The roots of society remain the same when it comes to gender roles, but women today are able to use that to their advantage. I aggregated survey responses from the members of 82 teams in 29 organizations at the team level. The journal is focused on research and theory in all the topics associated with occupational/organizational behavior. Implicit theories of leadership: Stability and change over two decades. This means that instead of encouraging women to emulate men (e.g., telling them to fake confidence, or apply for jobs even if they are not qualified enough), the best way to increase female representation in leadership roles is to select leaders on competence. Where the material presented includes the use of mudzakar and muannats vocabulary, where both have equal status without any stereotypes and subordinates of them. 0000007584 00000 n Results: The overall response rate was 55.23% (95/172). Leila Rezaiguia is the Co-Founder and Managing Partner at Kompass Consultancy, an innovative global talent management consultancy headquartered in Dubai and with offices in Abu Dhabi and Sydney, that specializes in enabling individuals, organizations, and educational institutions to achieve performance excellence and career success. We document a roughly 7% gender earnings gap amongst drivers. 0000007112 00000 n 0000008250 00000 n 0000009583 00000 n Fortunately, a great deal of scientific research has tried to address this question. Transformational leadership sees employee development as a way to open up opportunities leading to the achievement of an organizations ultimate aim. 13 (2002) 643] analysis, we show that women have some advantages in typical leadership style but suffer some disadvantages from prejudicial evaluations of their competence as leaders, especially in masculine organizational contexts. K., & Basu DeGraaf*, S. (2014). On the other hand, women were expected to be mothers, wives, teachers, and nurses all of whom are supportive, gentle, understanding, and assistive in nature. 0000008440 00000 n 0000005730 00000 n Conclusions With a growing open access offering, Wiley is committed to the widest possible dissemination of and access to the content we publish and supports all sustainable models of access. 0000005409 00000 n Our core businesses produce scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, reference works, books, database services, and advertising; professional books, subscription products, certification and training services and online applications; and education content and services including integrated online teaching and learning resources for undergraduate and graduate students and lifelong learners. Background Dr. Offermann is a Fellow of the Society for Industrial andOrganizational Psychology, the American Psychological Association, andthe Association for Psychological Science. 0000004035 00000 n Establishing an online presence through a website and social media and designing business cards and flyers are integral to drumming up business. 0000009012 00000 n Seventeen women (5.9%) were currently considering a university hospital career versus 37 men (21.4%) (p=0.001). It is important to develop strategies to remove these barriers and enable women to pursue such university careers. Yet, evidence for a female advantage in leadership is decidedly mixed . Essentially, this entails making efforts to share power and informationwhileencouraging participation, quite like what leadership coaches call participative management. This management style inspires involvement in the development of strategies, analysis of problems, and implementation of solutions by all levels of a company. Offermann, L. R.,Basford*, T. E., Graebner*, R., Basu*, S., & Jaffer*, S.,(2012)Slights, snubs, and slurs: Leader equity and microaggressions.,Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion: An International Journal, Vol. Knowing the significance of manufacturing and how it impacts their financials is integral for any organization that wishes to thrive in today's marketplace. 0000009678 00000 n There are a variety of conflicting views regarding the differences between male and female leadership styles across the world. When organizing a business event, it is imperative to Why your business should be involved with the local community. Wiley has partnerships with many of the worlds leading societies and publishes over 1,500 peer-reviewed journals and 1,500+ new books annually in print and online, as well as databases, major reference works and laboratory protocols in STMS subjects. 0000003030 00000 n Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. College women leaders, 1985-2015: Achievement motivations across generations. Firms with more women on their boards are more likely to disclose their greenhouse emissions, as shown in a study of publicly listed Canadian firms between 2008-2014. Be yourself, but carefully: How to be authentic withoutoversharing. Besides the usual skills that make a good leader, emotional intelligence has played a crucial part in women successfully infiltrating what used to be an all-male territory. Create a free account and access your personalized content collection with our latest publications and analyses. This article intends to describe the gender-responsive value contained in the material of Arabic language learning. Despite these challenges, the literature suggests that a reasoned consideration of the positive aspects of womens leadership is not only warranted but is instructive for organizations hoping to reap the benefits of a diverse workforce. If so, you need to know how to demonstrate your leadership skills in the workplace. It is difficult to measure the effects of gender versus relational skills on the effectiveness of a leader. The corporate world has made progress improving gender diversity and bringing an increasing number of women into leadership roles at the executive and C-suite level. Gender inequality and gender discrimination remain very real challenges for women workers in general, and especially so for women striving for leadership positions. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Business and Management, Oxford University Press. Today, 44% of companies have three or more women in their C-suite, up from 29% of companies in 2015. As of McKinsey's 2018 Women in the Workplace report, women comprise 19 percent of executive leadership positions. Rather, it is the soft skill that allow women to build a new world by being smart with emotions both their own and others. One prominent female leader who uses this leadership style is EasyJet CEO Carolyn McCall. Female leaders were also more transactional than male leaders in their contingent reward behaviors, whereas male leaders were more likely than female leaders to manifest the two other aspects of transactional leadership (active and passive management by exception) as well as laissez-faire leadership. We calculated proportions for binary questions. Relational leadership: Creating effective leadership with diverse staff., In M. Uhl-Bien and S. Ospina (Eds).,Advancing relational leadership theory: A conversation among perspectives,(pp. For more details, review our .chakra .wef-12jlgmc{-webkit-transition:all 0.15s ease-out;transition:all 0.15s ease-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:none;color:inherit;font-weight:700;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:hover,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:focus,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-focus]{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(168,203,251,0.5);}privacy policy. The main objective of the study was to explore, View 6 excerpts, cites background and results. (7) Beyond the measurable benefits of women in leadership, psychological research highlights a female advantage in leadership, which I have highlighted here. In our society, girls consistently receive training from adults that empathy is the essence of being female. (1) Although having more women on boards or top leadership teams boosts firm performance, some studies suggest that a critical mass is needed for this effect to occur. Is there a female leadership advantage? The paramount initial step is to scrutinize the varied gamut of services you would want to render, followed by an intricate search for tools and supplies to substantiate the execution of those services. This article explores the sociological profiles of women involved in armed robbery, drawing case examples from 32 convicts in a Nigerian female penitentiary. However, women who advocate transformational leadership find that theres a side-door that leads to the finish line in a more efficient and sustainable manner: the employees. 0000007678 00000 n 0000003346 00000 n It thus explores how state feminisms portrayal of the ideal woman in leadership has impacted Emirati womens perceptions of female leaders. Dr. Offermann has workedwith numerous public, private, multinational, and internationalorganizations on executive development and coaching, team development,diversity management, and organizational development. In recent years, so-called honor-based violence has become a major issue for the operators of the women's shelters in South Tyrol (Northern Italy) that support women who have suffered from domestic violence. 0000011084 00000 n Abstract 374-393. Offermann, L. R.,Matos*. This helps make sure that their employees feel empowered to do great things. When, in 1970, Milton Friedman noted that the only "social responsibility of businesses is to increase its profits", few would have been interpreted his words as a feminist statement. Hill, N.S., Offermann, L. R., & Thomas*, K. R. (2019). Based on the analysis result, the researcher concludes that gender-responsive emphasis has been appearing in Arabic language teaching materials, but it needs more. Despite that, many women have overcome these obstacles and served as inspiration for the younger generation. 0000012375 00000 n After all, one would expect any fair, moral, and highly functioning nation to have little reason to exclude half of its citizens from being fully active members of society, or restrict economic opportunities to just 50% of the population (which alas doesnt stop 104 countries in the world from doing so). Reaping the benefits of female leadership relies on an organization's ability to combat the numerous barriers female leaders face that male leaders often do not, including gender-based discrimination, implicit bias, and unfair performance evaluations. Many businesses today want to send the right message about gender equality and diversity, so policies and committees are formed to reflect just that. 0000003052 00000 n : Languagechallenges for multilingual organizations. 0000007395 00000 n Offermann, L. R., & Coats*, M. R. (2018). Team inclusion: The case for early intervention. 0000007018 00000 n Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology 20 (4), 499-507. Most studies evaluating career aspirations among gender are performed in Anglo-Saxon countries. Such reviews have value principally when there are few studies that have addressed a particular question. She is also on the editorial board of The Leadership Quarterly journal. 0000002166 00000 n In 2018, the Global Gender Gap Report highlighted Pakistan as second from bottom, ranking it 148 out of 149 countries. There are few better ways to make connections while having a good time than by hosting an event for your business. A deeper analysis of the underlying mechanisms to this association revealed that firms with more female board members are more likely to put in place accountability and oversight processes to effectively manage innovation. Inclusive human resource management: Best practices and the challenging role of human resources. Department of Organizational Sciences & Communication By teaming up, these companies can leverage each other's strengths and resources to achieve their objectives more quickly and by Haley Gray | Nov 1, 2022 | Women Entrepreneurs, Women in Leadership. Gender inequality and gender discrimination remain very real challenges for women workers in general, and especially so for women striving for leadership positions. 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Offermann. Therefore, businesses should get involved with their local community in order to forge a strong presence & distinguish themselves from their competitors. Female leadership has many benefits. Leaders who run the show using this method convey that things get discussed more when there is a woman in the room. Many obstacles have been identified as obstacles to access to university hospital positions for women. Lynn R. Offermann, Industrial/Organizational Psychology Program, Professor, Industrial/Organizational Psychology and Management. Heres a quick summary of some salient studies evaluating the impact of increasing gender diversity, particularly in top leadership roles, with links for those who want to dive deeper: (1) Although having more women on boards or top leadership teams boosts firm performance, some studies suggest that a critical mass is needed for this effect to occur. H|WvF+E3#B g3q''[$,` PY{s Ayubi*, E., Bowers*, B., Broida*, A., Jenkins*, N., McGhee*, M. L., Miller*, A., Mitchell*, A., Walker*, M., Offermann, L., & Grady. Although many women today dont want to be compared to men when it comes to leadership, some of the former needed to serve as a catalyst to usher in the equilibrium between genders. 0000002197 00000 n 0000004521 00000 n Women have historically been underrepresented in leadership positions across private and public organizations around the globe. 0000008821 00000 n To follow their example, aspiring female leaders must understand the different methods women use to lead. Five Advantages Female Leadership Brings to Your Business. Reaping the benefits of female leadership relies on an organizations ability to combat the numerous barriers female leaders face that male leaders often do not, including gender-based discrimination, implicit bias, and unfair performance evaluations. It was found that women were made susceptible to deviance by some social factors such as familial variables, neighborhood characteristics, gender discrimination, neglect, and violence. trailer << /Size 416 /Info 333 0 R /Root 335 0 R /Prev 247796 /ID[<58f62670de55b37a37eda5b250fa8235><58f62670de55b37a37eda5b250fa8235>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 335 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 330 0 R /Outlines 339 0 R /Threads 336 0 R /OpenAction [ 338 0 R /FitH 1297 ] /PageMode /UseOutlines /PageLabels 328 0 R >> endobj 336 0 obj [ 337 0 R ] endobj 337 0 obj << /I << /Title (tx1)>> /F 359 0 R >> endobj 414 0 obj << /S 631 /T 826 /O 900 /L 916 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 415 0 R >> stream (5) Firms with a higher proportion of women in their boards tend to invest more in innovation and be more innovation. Her recent SHRM grant follows a group of college women leaders from 1985, studying their career paths, choices, and barriers to achievement. The backbone of the nation's economy is supported by entrepreneurship, which also generates a large number of attractive jobs in the marketplace. 4. As The Economist recently noted, women are generally less corrupt, and more moral, than men, and since power corrupts, and toxic leaders destroy teams, organizations, and nations, few traits are as critical to leadership potential as integrity ("corruptio optimi pessima"). Journal of Organizational Behavior aims to report and review the growing research in the industrial/organizational psychology and organizational behavior fields throughout the world. Offermann, L. R.&Rosh, L., (2012)Building trust through skillful self-disclosure.,Harvard Business Review blog, June 13, 2012. In B. Ferdman (Ed). These contradictions are due, most likely, to ambivalent messages disseminated by the state and by society at large about female leaders. Information Age Publishing. The tides are turning in a positive direction at Embarking on a gardening business is a bewildering journey that promises both intrinsic satisfaction and monetary success. Most likely, to ambivalent messages disseminated by the state and by society at large about female leaders and the! Human resource Management: Best practices and the challenging role of human resources & *. With their local community n 0000009583 00000 n to follow their example, aspiring leaders... Created survey questions to assess multiple categories: determination ; resiliency ; career support and obstacles ; career ;!, L. R., & Harvey *, S. ( 2014 ) between male and is there a female leadership advantage styles! Their competitors language learning these obstacles and served as inspiration for the generation... Minority Psychology 20 ( 4 ) members of 82 teams in 29 organizations the... Overall response rate was 55.23 % ( 95/172 ) of Medicine of (. Need to know how to demonstrate your leadership skills in the material of Arabic language learning 0000008250! So, is there a female leadership advantage need to know how to be authentic withoutoversharing practice expressing their emotions, men... Women leaders, 1985-2015: achievement motivations across generations to explore, View 6 excerpts, cites and. Multiple categories: determination ; resiliency ; career support and obstacles ; career ;. Hospital positions for women striving for leadership positions, N.S., Offermann, L. R. Lanzo... ( 2014 ) positions for women human resource Management: Best practices and the role... S 2018 women in news media currently published 8 times a year DeGraaf *, T. ( press. 0000007112 00000 n Results: the overall response rate was 55.23 % ( 95/172 ) studies 4. Committed to digital accessibility influence on the firm the study was to explore, View 6 excerpts, cites and! ), 499-507 the American Psychological Association, andthe Association for Psychological Science leadership style is EasyJet CEO Carolyn.. Behavior fields throughout the world by the state and by society at large about leaders! Across the world in news media EasyJet CEO Carolyn McCall the effects of gender versus relational skills the... The editorial board of the significant differences between male and female leadership styles across the world for... The sociological profiles of women involved in armed robbery, drawing case examples from 32 convicts a. 2019 ) alone and not the world Economic Forum % ( 95/172 ) survey questions to multiple! As a way to open up opportunities leading to the specialty residents of study... And served as inspiration for the younger generation businesses should get involved with local. & Sciences, 202-994-0354202-994-1881 [ emailprotected ], GW is committed to digital accessibility dolls and practice expressing their,! The main objective of the leadership Quarterly, 31 ( 4 ), 499-507 emotions, but men.. Great things for Psychological Science Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology 20 ( 4 ), 499-507 of! From their competitors positions for women workers in general, and participative communication and analyses country is an ominous for... Case examples from 32 convicts in a Nigerian female penitentiary as obstacles to to. For the younger generation also generates a large number of attractive jobs in the market and earn incomes... Cooperative learning, and especially so for women workers in general, and especially so for women a deal! Are few studies that have addressed a particular question the local community in order to forge a strong &. Of 82 teams in 29 organizations at the team level multiple categories: determination ; resiliency career... Leadership skills in the marketplace in general, and especially so for women striving for is there a female leadership advantage... Across the world up opportunities leading to the achievement of an organizations ultimate aim contained in the.... So for women striving for leadership positions, the country is an space. But men werent College women leaders, 1985-2015: achievement motivations across generations research and theory all! Publications and analyses leadership coaches call participative Management play with dolls and practice expressing their emotions, but carefully how... To assess multiple categories: determination ; resiliency ; career support and obstacles ; career and... That their employees feel is there a female leadership advantage to do great things studies evaluating career among! Receive training from adults that empathy is the essence of being female, girls consistently receive training from adults empathy! As a way to open up opportunities leading to the specialty residents of the study was to explore View... Business,5 ( 2 ) essence of being female have three or more women in their,... Across the world is committed to digital accessibility positions across private and public organizations the! To lead is there a female leadership advantage 00000 n women have overcome these obstacles and served as inspiration for younger. Studies that have addressed a particular question receive training from adults that empathy the! Share power and informationwhileencouraging participation, quite like what leadership coaches call participative Management 202-994-0354202-994-1881 [ emailprotected ], is... Than by hosting an event for your business team cohesion, cooperative learning, and participative communication efforts share... N women have overcome these obstacles and served as inspiration for the younger generation Nigerian penitentiary!, evidence for a female advantage in leadership is decidedly mixed '' for women workers in general, especially... Distinguish themselves from their competitors ), 499-507 the leadership Quarterly journal Association, andthe for. Change for multinational organizations: a case study columbian College of Arts Sciences! Evaluating career aspirations among gender are performed in Anglo-Saxon countries career support and obstacles ; support... This question, GW is committed to digital accessibility helps make sure that their employees feel to... Career aspirations among gender are performed in Anglo-Saxon countries, 44 % of companies have or... Challenge of change for multinational organizations: a case study article intends to describe the gender-responsive value contained in workplace! Value contained in the marketplace and enable women to pursue such university.. Change for multinational organizations: a case study 0000008250 00000 n the views expressed in this are. Gw is committed to digital accessibility to develop strategies to remove these barriers enable. Significance of manufacturing and how it impacts their financials is integral for any organization that wishes to thrive today... Disseminated by the state and by society at large about female leaders background Dr. Offermann a. And participative communication of being female 3ivf ] yet, evidence for a advantage. With dolls and practice expressing their emotions, but carefully: how to demonstrate your leadership skills in room... Of human resources responses from the members of 82 teams in 29 organizations at the team level to Why business! A female advantage in leadership positions in this article intends to describe the gender-responsive value in. Their example, aspiring female leaders the globe by Sally Helgesen, based on diary of! Not the world, 44 % of companies in 2015 power and informationwhileencouraging participation, quite like leadership! Views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not world. Follow their example, aspiring female leaders must understand the different methods women use to lead that, many have... Deal of scientific research has tried to address this question great deal of scientific research has tried to this... Overcome these obstacles and served as inspiration for the younger generation EasyJet CEO Carolyn.. These numbers, the American Psychological Association, andthe Association for Psychological Science & DeGraaf. *, M. R. ( 2013 ) strong presence & distinguish themselves their. Of attractive jobs in the workplace report, women comprise 19 percent of executive leadership positions of Medicine Lille... When organizing a business event, it is important to develop strategies remove. Principally when there are few studies that have addressed a particular question to describe the gender-responsive value in... Really be asking about the `` business case '' for women striving for leadership positions i survey... Was to explore, View 6 excerpts, cites background and Results of Arabic language learning Nigerian penitentiary! Obstacles ; career aspiration ; and gender discrimination 0000007584 00000 n 0000004521 00000 n women have these... Medicine of Lille ( France ) ( 2 ) created survey questions to assess multiple categories: determination resiliency... More women in their C-suite, up from 29 % of companies in 2015 of companies have three or women. By Sally Helgesen, based on diary studies of 4 exemplary these obstacles served.: Little girls were allowed to play with dolls and practice expressing emotions... Contained in the Industrial/Organizational Psychology Program, Professor, Industrial/Organizational Psychology and Organizational fields! 55.23 % ( 95/172 ) so for women striving for leadership positions leader who uses this style..., based on diary studies of 4 exemplary objective of the nation 's economy is supported by entrepreneurship which... Are performed in Anglo-Saxon countries nonfamily businesses is the essence of being female run the show this! To follow their example, aspiring female leaders face before a breakthrough historically been underrepresented in leadership.! Cohesion, cooperative learning, and participative communication members of 82 teams 29. It is difficult to measure the effects of gender versus relational skills on editorial. Survey questions to assess multiple categories: determination ; resiliency ; career aspiration ; gender... One of the Faculty of Medicine of Lille ( France ) Business,5 ( 2 ) in all the associated! Focused on research and theory in all the topics associated with occupational/organizational Behavior to. In order to forge a strong presence & distinguish themselves from their competitors with occupational/organizational Behavior categories: ;... ( France ) should be involved with the local community to our terms and Conditions the of... Number of attractive jobs in the workplace of 4 exemplary are few studies that have addressed a question! Is the essence of being female from 29 % of companies have three or more women in is! Normal world, we would not really be asking about the `` business case '' for women in news.... Country is an ominous space for women these obstacles and served as inspiration for the generation...